Employment Helicopter In The Indian Armed Forces Management Essays

Employment Helicopter In The Indian Armed Forces Management Essays Employment Helicopter In The Indian Armed Forces Management Essay Employment Helicopter In The Indian Armed Forces Management Essay Jointery encapsulates the ways and agencies by which military forces enhances joint operations, efficaciously synchronising the activities of the sea, land and air, constantly as portion of a transnational force, each to play to its peculiar strengths Joint Doctrine Team, British Joint Services Command and Staff College ( JSCSC ) 1. Higher Directives. The employment of military assets is based on a higher directive made by the authorities. The Union War Book is one such papers which provides the guidelines in footings of the functions of each service. The overall duty for air defense mechanism of the state is vested with the IAF as per the Union War Book and applies clearly to the radio detection and ranging web, surface to air systems and combatant undertakings thereof[ 1 ]. The war book nevertheless does non clarify the envisaged employability of the conveyance and chopper fleet towards protecting the sovereignty of the state. The employment of these assets has been included in the Air Force philosophy and their acquisition thereof is planned on this footing. The conveyance aircraft are being centrally controlled at the highest possible nevertheless the chopper assets due to their versatility are being controlled at the bid and tactical degree. This type of control nevertheless frequently leads to a percept ual experience of mis/underutilization of these assets by the other services for whom they are often tasked. In add-on a deficiency of wide guidelines on the employment of the chopper assets available with all military and civil bureaus has lead to patch meal procurance and uneffective use particularly during times of crisis like catastrophe alleviation. 2. Though the demand of the IAF as an independent entity has been established in the range, the function of its chopper fleet and efficaciousness in back uping the surface forces as an built-in but foreign arm has to be studied before any judgement on its ownership can be passed. The ground forces air power is besides actively employed in augmenting the IAF choppers. In some instances the ground forces air power has been more effectual than their IAF counterparts largely due to handiness and acquaintance with the land operations. Hence the efficaciousness of the IAF choppers in support of the land forces is frequently questioned. This has led to fierce fanatism, leaching finally to the lowest degree, as a consequence of the inherent aptitude of guarding 1s ain sod kicking in[ 2 ]. Unfortunately this has non benefitted the joint capacity edifice of the chopper fleet of the Indian armed forces. Furthermore, the chopper assets have been distributed to provide for the specific service de mands and are employed in their specific functions. The chopper strength and functions in brief are discussed below for all the three services to. Indian Air Force The IAF has near to 340 choppers of assorted beginning and another 96 ( 59 M17 A ; V5, 22 AH64D and 15 CH47F ) to be procured from outside the state, in add-on to the 62 ( 37 ALH Mk III/IV A ; 25 LCH ) to be the produced indigenously[ 3 ]. The older choppers like the Mi-8 and Chetak are likely to be replaced by modern-day choppers like the Eurocopter Fennec and Mi-17V5. The Mi-8 is besides being replaced for its VVIP function by the Augusta Westland EH101. These choppers are being used in support of the surface forces in assorted functions. The IAF choppers are being used to regularly in support of the ground forces involved in contending terrorists in the northern and naxals in the cardinal part. Additionally the IAF assets are besides being used to keep their stations in the inhospitable terrain of the northern and eastern parts. These choppers carry out peace clip and back up operations like Casualty Evacuation, Search and Rescue, Route Transport Role, etc, and can besides be employed in violative or war clip functions which include Particular Heli Borne Operations ( SHBO ) , Suppression of Enemy Air Defence ( SEAD ) and Battlefield Air Strikes ( BAS ) missions. Indian Army s Aviation Corp. In 1984, the Indian Army s Northern Command inducted the HAL Cheetah into the Siachen Glacier. The temerarious pilots were put to the ultimate trial professionally and besides in footings of human endurance. In 1986, the Air Observation Post units were transferred from the Air Force to the Army to organize the Army Aviation subdivision[ 4 ].A Thereafter the ground forces air power assets have seen extended deployment in cragged and high height terrain for over the crest line observation for reconnaissance by field commanding officers, way of heavy weapon fire and rapid move of commanding officers to the forward stations which are hard to entree, make handiness of choppers a necessity. Speedy casualty emptying from unaccessible countries, both in war and peace conditions, needed rotary wing attempt near by and on call. Hence, a demand was felt for a dedicated air power attempt for every Infantry/Mountain Division[ 5 ]. The corp operates with about 158 he lciopters which include the Advance Light Helicopter ( ALH ) , Chetak and Cheetah Helicopter[ 6 ]. The Army now wants one onslaught chopper squadron ( 10-12 choppers ) for its three work stoppage formations 1 Corps ( Mathura ) , 2 Corps ( Ambala ) and 21 Corps ( A Bhopal ) in maintaining with their primary violative function. Furthermore, it has programs to invest another 114 Rudra visible radiation combat choppers for the 10 pivot corps[ 7 ]. The Army is acute to spread out its AAC and is investing pilots and applied scientists on a lasting footing into this arm. Indian Navy Air Arm. TheA Indian Naval Air Arm, formulated in 1953, A is a subdivision ofA Indian NavyA which is tasked to supply an aircraft bearer based work stoppage capableness, fleet air defense mechanism, nautical reconnaissance, and anti-submarine warfare. IT operates near to 108 helciopters like the Sea King, Ka-28/31, ALH, Chetak amongst others[ 8 ]. These choppers are stationed in the assorted Naval Air Bases and positioned on the ships as per demands. However, non all types of ships in the Indian Navy can run with these choppers. While the larger ships like the fleet oilers, destroyers and the frigates are capable of runing all the IN choppers, the smaller ships like the corvettes and the patrol vass are limited to runing with the light choppers like the Chetak or the ALH. On the other manus the Amphibious Warfare Vessels like INS Jalashwa and the Aircraft bearers are capable of runing with heavier choppers than those presently with the Indian Navy[ 9 ]. The Indian Navy be sides intents to augment its chopper fleet by command for the extremely powerful NH-90 chopper which has a multi function and multi mission capableness. 4. It is evident that the air arm of the Army and the Navy are being augmented to provide for service specific demands. However, this attack has lead to patch repast procurances which lacks the kernel of jointry in it. Hence, the hurdlings to accomplishing a genuinely joint capableness will hold to be overcome when set against the inevitable fiscal and resource restraint and the inactiveness inherent in our individual service ethos and preparation[ 10 ]. Chapter III Current Training STRUCTURE OF HELICOPTER PILOTS Organize as we intend to run and develop as we intend to contend Royal air force Warfare Centre 1. Joint preparation of forces is the most of import tool to guarantee synergism in functionality and procedure. Since independency the three services have grown and developed their preparation substructure as per their perceived operational and preparation demands. This has in some instances been created at great cost even though the equipment is similar[ 11 ]. The Kargil Committee Report therefore recommended that a survey be ordered to look at the optimisation of training resources among the three services. As per the commission, a feasibleness survey of transporting out joint preparation in those countries common to all three services should hold been worked out. However, the commission restricted its recommendations providing for the sensitivenesss of three services. Hence their appraisal was restricted to commit preparation and ignored the operational articulation preparation facets. Hence, though the Chetak is the common basic chopper preparation aircraft for all three servi ces, they have established different preparation centres for the basic preparation of their air crew. The pros and cons of this sort of set up are discussed below: Professionals. ( I ) Service Specific Training and Assessment. Each service has specific and alone demands from its pilots which guides its developing Standard Operating Procedures ( SOP s ) . The naval forces would anticipate the pilot to be more comfy with instrument winging and usage of the Radio Altimeter ( RADALT ) for measuring position, while the IAF teacher in the absence of an altimeter, enterprises to instill the visual winging wonts in his trainees. Hence, the appraisal standards would of course be varied for all the three services. A service specific preparation Centre would hence be the natural pick, even though the chopper developing facets between the ground forces and air force could do combined preparation academy a executable option, the lone difference being that the Army besides trains on the Cheetah chopper. ( two ) Maintenance and Administration. A joint preparation Centre of this nature and size would imply feverish care and administrative activities. With the absence of a joint logistics or developing bid these facets are likely to endure as the distribution of responsibilities to the three services would a moot point due to miss of legal power of a service specific bid on the other services. The OEM support nevertheless, would be more extroverted as the Chetak aircraft is overhauled for all the three services by the Hindustan Aeronautical Limited ( HAL ) ( three ) Irrelevance of Coordination. Since there is no joint preparation it is obvious that no coordination required between the officer developing academies of the three services. Since the bing system of single preparation bids is non contributing for joint preparation, this type of set up is preferred. Cons. The inauspicious effects of service specific preparation is more apparent in the ulterior old ages of service of an person as an out semen of the facets discussed below. Lack of Exposure. The pilots though winging the same machine have limited cognition about the extra functions in which the same chopper is being employed. This compartmentalisation in the formulative old ages leads to limited apprehension of the complete capableness of the aircraft. An IAF pilot is non exposed to the challenges of deck landing which could greatly better his winging accomplishments, the same manner a naval pilot would profit by set downing in high height helipads. Restrictions on Op Roles. As an result of the deficiency of exposure and limited cognition of the chopper restricts the imaginativeness of the pilots particularly as staff assignment which finally leads to restriction on the functions the aircraft is perceived to be capable of. The limitation on individual pilot operations in the ( ALH ) despite its capableness is one such illustration. Turf Issues. Since the pilots of the three services winging the same chopper have neither undergone the same initial degree nor advanced operational preparation they carry misplaced perceptual experience an thoughts of the others capableness. This perceptual experience if carried frontward into the senior degrees leads to turf wars, which has inauspicious branchings on the joint capableness of the services. 2. Both the ground forces and the naval pilots are voluntaries who leave their chief steam responsibilities for air power. The ground forces has late started investing officers straight into the AAC due to the increased demand for choppers. The officers who were sidelined while being the air power cell would now are able to come on in their calling even as a pilot. The mainstream officers of both the services at times hold biass against the air power subdivision due to miss of apprehension of their operation. These biass do be even within the IAF nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exhibits itself subdivision specific and swift wise. Since the AAC merely has choppers their pilots are trained straight on the Chetak at the Basic Flying Training School ( BFTS ) Allahabad, Combat Army Aviation Training School ( CATS ) , Nashik and Rotary Wing Academy ( RWA ) , Bangalore. The first being run by the aIAF, the 2nd by the Army and the RWA is a civil winging school run by HAL. The Navy and the Air Force trainees are trificated into the combatant, conveyance and chopper watercourse after the first semester of winging developing on the basic trainer. While the naval conveyance and combatant trainees get trained by the air force, the chopper pilots proceed along with the Coast Guard trainees, for a six months developing to their Helicopter Training School ( HTS ) at INS Rajali, Arakkonam. The chopper pilots of IAF undergo phase I developing in HTS, Hakimpet, followed by phase II preparation either at Yelahanka on the Mi- 8 or in HTS itself. Stage III preparation is carried out at the several units later, though finally it will be conducted in a Mi-17V5 preparation squadron being set up at Air Force Station, Sarsawa. It is apparent hence that the IAF has dedicated assets and manpower to guarantee effectual and efficient basic and operational preparation of its chopper pilots. This would guarantee that a pilot is conflict ready when he reaches an operational squadron and the limited attempt is spent towards his transition. However, despite all this attempt the joint facet of operational preparation is still found wanting. The advantages of initial joint preparation has been expressed by General Henry Viccellio, US Air Froce, The advantage of inter services initial skill developing include take downing costs as redundancies are reduced, downsizing the overall substructure, furthering squad work and fostering jointness by exposing pupils to interservice duologue early in their callings[ 12 ] . Chapter IV Consequence OF APACHE ATTACK AND CHINOOK HEAVY LIFT HELICOPTER ON FUTURE INTEGRATED THEATRE BATTLES At higher degrees of war, success is largely a map of planning and allotment forces and resources to missions -Gen Robert.W. RisCassi US Army The Apache AH-64D and Chinook CH-47F choppers have been selected through a competitory command procedure as the hereafter onslaught and heavy lift helicopter severally to be procured by the IAF. These choppers have been used extensively during the Iraq and Afghanistan struggles. It is pertinent to observe that these machines have been often upgraded since their initial initiation to integrate the latest technological promotion in them. To be able to analyze the consequence that these machines would hold on the hereafter integrated conflict environment we need to cognize its capablenesss in comparing to the such type of choppers already bing with the IAF. A table comparing the public presentation informations of the Apache with the Mi-35 NPS and the Chinook with the Mi-26T is placed below to supply an penetration into their capablenesss. The Chinook is a 25 Ton category tandem rotor chopper and can non be compared with any other production chopper as it is the lone one of its weight c ategory. However, comparing based on public presentation can be made to some extent with the 34 ton category CH-53E super Stallion and the 55 ton category Mi-26T, as these autumn under the class of Heavy Lift Helicopters ( HLH ) . HLH can be considered as those choppers capable of raising more than 10 dozenss. Though there are other choppers like the Pave Low and Sea Stallion ( both CH-53 discrepancies ) which are of 20 ton category, they can non be considered as heavy lift due to their utile burden bound of lone 3-5 dozenss like IAF s Mi-8/17/17IV/V5. The Apache is a province of the art chopper with the latest avionics and weapon systems incorporated in it. Though it can non be compared to the aging Mi-35 Gunship, it is of import to measure the quantum leap in combat potency that will be accrued with the initiation of the Apache chopper. These comparings are generic to the type of chopper and there would be seeable differences between the discrepancies chiefly in avionics and arm s ystems. Table 1. Comparison Between Present and Future Heavy Lift and Attack Helicopters of the IAF. Chinook[ 13 ] Mi-26T[ 14 ] Apache[ 15 ] Mi-35NPS*[ 16 ] Numbers built 1,200 ( Approx ) Military Operators 21 Cost Approx US $ 40 Million Crew: A 3 ( pilot, co-pilot, flight applied scientist ) Capacity: 33-55 troopsA or 24 litters and 3 attenders 28,000A pound ( 12,700A kilogram ) lading Length: A 30.1A m Rotor diameter: A 18.3A m Height: A 5.7A m Disc country: A 260A M2 Empty weight: A 23,400A pound ( 10,185A kilogram ) Max. takeoff weight: A 50,000A pound ( 22,680A kilogram ) Powerplant: A 2X3,631A kilowatt Maximal velocity: A 315A kilometers per hour Cruise velocity: A 240A kilometers per hour Scope: A 741A kilometer ( extendible to 1400km with Auxiliary armored combat vehicles ) Service ceiling: A 18,500A foot ( 5,640A m ) Disc burden: A 9.5A lb/ft2A ( 47A kg/m2 ) Numbers built 320 ( Approx ) Military Operators 13 Cost Approx US $ 44 Million ( T2 Variant ) Crew: A Five- 2 pilots, 1 sailing master, 1 flight applied scientist, 1 flight technician ( Mi-26T2 besides requires 3 crew ) Capacity: 90 troopsA orA 60 stretchers 20,000 kilogram lading ( 44,090 pound ) Length: A 40.025 m Rotor diameter: A 32.00m Height: A 8.145 m Disc country: A 804.25A m2A Empty weight: A 28,200 kilogram ( 62,170 pound ) Max. takeoff weight: A 56,000 kilogram ( 123,450 pound ) Powerplant: A 2X8,500kW Maximal velocity: A 295 kilometers per hour Cruise velocity: A 255 kilometers per hour Scope: A 1,920 kilometer ( with subsidiary armored combat vehicles ) Service ceiling: A 4,600 m ( 15,100 foot ) Disc burden: 14.5A lb/ft2 ( 71.7 kg/mA? ) A Numbers built 1,200 ( Approx ) Military Operators 12 Cost Approx US $ 20 Million Crew: A 2 ( pilot, and co-pilot/gunner ) Length: A 17.73 m Rotor diameter: A 14.63 m Height: A 12.7 foot ( 3.87 m ) Disc country: A 168.11 mA? Empty weight: A 11,387 pound ( 5,165 kilogram ) Max. takeoff weight: A 23,000 pound ( 10,433 kilogram ) Powerplant: A 2X1,490 kilowatt Maximal velocity: A 293 kilometers per hour Cruise velocity: A 265 kilometers per hour Scope: A 476 kilometer Service ceiling: A 21,000 foot ( 6,400 m ) Disc burden: A 9.80 lb/ftA? ( 47.9 kg/mA? ) Numbers built 2,300 Mi-24 ( Approx ) Military Operators 50 Cost Approx US $ 20 Million Crew: A 2-3: pilot, arms system officer and technician ( optional ) Capacity: A 8 military personnels or 4 stretchers Length: A 17.5 m Rotor diameter: A 17.3 m Height: A 6.5 m ( 21 ft 3 in ) Disc country: A 235 mA? Empty weight: A 8,500 kilogram ( 18,740 pound ) Max. takeoff weight: A 12,000 kilogram ( 26,500 pound ) Powerplant: A 2X1,600kW Maximal velocity: A 335 kilometers per hour Cruise Speed: 270 kilometers per hour Scope: A 450 kilometer Service ceiling: A 4,500 m ( 14,750 foot ) Disc burden: A 10.4 lb/ftA? ( 51 kg/mA? ) * Specs for Mi-24 of which Mi-35 is a discrepancy with an attention deficit disorder on Night Packaging System ( NPS ) Table 2. Comparison Between Apache and Mi-35 NPS Armament. Apache Mi-35 NPS Armament Guns: A 1A-A 30 mmA ( 1.18 A in ) A M230 Chain GunA with 1,200 unit of ammunitions as portion of theA Area Weapon Subsystem Hardpoints: A Four pylon Stationss on the stub wings. Longbows besides have a station on each wingtip for an AIM-92 ATAS twin missile battalion. Rockets: A Hydra 70A 70 millimeter, andA CRV7A 70 millimeter air-to-surface projectiles Missiles: A TypicallyA AGM-114 HellfireA discrepancies ; A AIM-92 StingerA may besides be carried. Avionicss Lockheed MartinA /A Northrop GrummanA AN/APG-78A LongbowA fire-control radio detection and ranging Armament Guns 1 x 12.7 mm Yakushev-BorzovA Yak-BA Gatling gunA on most discrepancies. Maximum of 1,470 unit of ammunitions of ammo. Hardpoints: Four pylon Stationss on the stub wings. Wing-tip pylons can merely transport theA 9K114 ShturmA complex. UPK-23-250 gunpod transporting theA GSh-23L can be carried here. Rockets: B-8V20 a lightweight long tubed chopper version of theA S-8 rocketA launcher and S-24A 240 millimeter projectile Missiles: 9K114 ShturmA in braces on the outer and wingtip pylons Avionicss Radio bid linkA for the Shturm missile Heavy Lift Helicopter Comparisons The tabular array provides a statistical input on the capablenesss of the Chinook in comparing to the Mi-26 wherein its deficiency in its lift and scope capableness. However, certain qualitative facets of winging which are frequently evaluated by nipple pilots universe over called Handling Quality Requirements ( HQRs ) , clearly define the restriction of every machine in transporting out a peculiar undertaking. The Chinook is likely the lone chopper of its category to be able to carryout the pinnacle bead of military personnels and lading. This is a manoeuvre wherein the rear wheels of the chopper are in contact with the land while the forepart wheels are in air. It is by and large carried out when there is deficient set downing infinite for the chopper. The Chinook besides has the tandem burden transporting capacity wherein a heavy burden can be picked up as under slung lading by two Chinooks at the same time. The Chinook besides has the alone ternary hook characteristic enabling it to drop three different burden carried underslung to three different locations without set downing. Though the Chinook can at best carry merely half the weight carried by the Mi-26, it can guarantee that this burden can be dropped at the most inhospitable terrains without necessitating any extra substructure. This is why the Chinook is capable of transporting out SHBO operations like Small Team Insertion and Extraction ( STIE ) and halocasting unlike the Mi-26. 3. Due to its limited phonograph record burden, the downwash of the Chinook is minimum, giving it the capableness to run from Forward Area Refueling and Rearming Points ( FARRPs ) in the comeuppances and from Indian Navy ships like INS Jalashwa. These choppers are besides capable of pull outing Particular Forces in their rubberized boats from a H2O organic structure, a manoeuvre non possible on other choppers. The tolerance to traverse air currents due to its tandem rotors provides it huge manoeuvrability at low velocities and high denseness heights. The Chinook besides carries the similar lading burden as the Mi-26 at heights in surplus of 3 kilometers. With this public presentation and the pinnacle bead capableness this chopper has many assuring functions in the mountains in support of the ground forces. The Chinook is a alone chopper with really good developed Digital Automatic Flight Control System ( DAFEX ) which makes it really comfy to manage. Hence the Chinook chopper can be exploited in more ways than the Mi-26 in varied terrain of the Indian bomber continent and along with the Indian Navy ships. The CH-47G version of the Chinook is capable of transporting out Air to Air refueling from a C-130 oiler, nevertheless, neither of these have been contracted by the IAF. The ability to widen its scopes with air to air refueling will supply an expeditionary potency to our heli-lift capableness and may be considered if the political will and sagacity along with a alteration in mentality across the national security landscape occurs[ 17 ]. The scopes can presently be extended utilizing the Extended Range Fuel Tanks ( ERFS ) internally. The Chinook can besides be air transported on the C-17 Globemaster conveyance aircraft, shortly to be inducted into the IAF, giving the flexibleness to deploy these aircraft in far of parts in a short notice. Attack Helicopter Comparison 4. The Mi-35 was foremost inducted into active service in the twelvemonth 1972 as the Mi-24 while the Apache saw active service in 1983as AH-64A. The difference in vintage is apparent in the assorted systems and technological constructs which have been introduced in the Apache. Though the Mi-35 has been upgraded with the Night Package System ( NPS ) its public presentation and capableness do non fit that of the AH-64D. The AH-64D Longbow Apache is a remanufactured and upgraded version of the AH-64A Apache onslaught chopper. The primary alterations to the Apache are the add-on of a millimeter-wave Fire Control Radar ( FCR ) mark acquisition system, the fire-and-forget Longbow Hellfire air-to-ground missile, updated T700-GE-701C engines, and a fully-integrated cockpit. In add-on, the aircraft receives improved survivability, communications, and pilotage capablenesss. Three Apache choppers can be transported at any given clip in one C-17 Globemaster. The aircraft is besides capable of b eing transported and airdock stored below decks in the landing platform chopper ( LPH ) type bearer, Fast SeaLift ships, Roll-on/Roll-off dry lading ships which provides it the marine capableness in comparing to the Mi-35. The Apache with a service ceiling of 6.4 kilometer promises to present even in the high height trains in the North and the North East sectors. 5. The Apache features a Target Acquisition Designation Sight ( TADS ) and a Pilot Night Vision Sensor ( PNVS ) which enables the crew to voyage and carry on preciseness onslaughts in twenty-four hours, dark and inauspicious conditions conditions. The Apache can transport up to 16 Hellfire optical maser designated missiles. With a scope of over 8000 metres, the Hellfire is used chiefly for the devastation of armored combat vehicles, armoured vehicles and other difficult stuff marks like Radars. The AN/APG-78 FCR is a multi-mode Millimeter Wave ( MMW ) detector integrated on the Apache Longbow with the aerial and sender located above the aircraft chief rotor caput. It enhances Longbow system capablenesss by supplying rapid automatic sensing, categorization, and prioritization of multiple land and air marks. The radio detection and ranging provides this capableness in inauspicious conditions and under battleground obscurants[ 18 ]. This system gives the fire and bury capableness to th e chopper unlike the Mi-35 wherein the mark has to be contacted till the terminal phases of the missile. The scopes of the Apache can be improved utilizing the ERFS externally which is another characteristic non available in the Mi-35. Ferry ranges upto 1900km can be achieved with this system. The Apache 64D longbow is considered as one of the most powerful onslaught choppers in the universe today. Its base off capableness along with its enhanced survivability characteristics and rate of accurate fire would enable it to be used in multiple terrain and swing function missions with comparative easiness. These machines can besides be upgraded to command Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ( UAV ) platforms utilizing the onboard communicating system and is being tested and developed in the US. Theatre Battles of the Future 4. It is of import for us to understand the nature of future wars so as be prepared to contend from a place of advantage. It is emphasized in all military forums that joint operations are the non an algebraic amount of all the capablenesss of different constituents of military power but a means to accomplish exponential growing in combat power. However, each sort of war requires a different intervention which might necessitate a specialised preparation. There are assorted factors like International Relations, Economic factors and Human Resources which play an of import function in the result of any state of affairs[ 19 ]. The military must now be ready to project the needed degree of disincentive or force in required to accomplish the ultimate aim set by the political Masterss in an theater of conflict. There are besides military jussive moods which that define the restrictions in war like Nuclear Weapons and other military factors like political, economical and technological restrai nts[ 20 ]. Hence theatre conflicts of the hereafter are traveling to be governed by assorted factors based on the lessons drawn from wars in the past five decennaries and these are discussed below and all these point towards an integrated environment. Nature of Warfare. The Arab-Israeli wars of 1956, 1967, 1973 and 1982 were limited extremely intense and conventional. It clearly came out signifier these struggles that lack of coherence and synergism would finally take to uneffective and sometimes negative use of assets towards advancement of operation. This was apparent in the figure of aircraft lost to ain fire by the Egyptians in 1973. This was besides experienced in the Vietnam War wherein the jobs of each service running its ain air war in its theater became apparent when the control of the US air attempt was disastrously disconnected[ 21 ]. The United States made some corrections in the first Gulf War but still lost two onslaught choppers due to ain combatant aircraft fire. Subsequently, it has laid great accent on joint operations and developing for any spectrum of war or struggle. Today modern warfare has been characterized by joint expeditionary operations of one or more states[ 22 ], and if India intends to protect its st rategic involvements in other states it requires geting such capablenesss of its armed forces. Both the Chinook and the Apache have the capableness to be used in an expeditionary environment as proved in past struggles universe over. Technological Changes. Though the Indian armed forces are be aftering towards being a Capacity based force over a menace based one, it is but impossible to accomplish this position without the ability to manage the available engineering to accommodate 1s demand. This is the lone economical option for any Indian armed forces for merely in crisis do guns be given to outrank fat bags [ 23 ]and the India political category does non comprehend any crisis. The demand for integrating of latest engineering in all three weaponries is felt to rid of the projection of contradictory demands by the three services in their readying and behavior of modern wars[ 24 ]. This integrating needs to be encouraged at the tactical degree by carry oning regular joint preparation plans like in the HLH and Attack chopper. This is specially applicable in the instance of new choppers being procured for the IAF, wherein pilots of all three forces must be able to improvize its use so as to guarantee its optimal us e. Such a plan is being under taken in the signifier of the Joint Transport Rotorcraft ( JTR )