Examples Of Unique Identity In Pride And Prejudice

Everyone has their own unique identity. There are several things I want to change or at least work on in order to improve myself as a person. Some of these things include my lack of forgiveness, trusting others too easily, and my stubbornness. Out of all the things I want to change the biggest one is how harsh I tend to be on myself, because of my undesirable self-perception. I want to change this because it tends to affect my life in a negative way. In Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen, Mr. Bennet is a self-centered man. He likes to seclude himself from his family, and often spends most of his time in his personal library (Austen 14). When he is around his family, he likes to make sarcastic jokes about them, especially his wife and two†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Siblings who hope to stand out in a family often do so by observing what the elder child does and then doing the opposite† (Kluger 48). I knew the consequences of what his decisions were, and I did not want to be in a similar position, especially at such an early age. I strived to be different than him. I strived to be better than him. Some of the things I experienced throughout my childhood forced me to grow up extremely fast compared to most people my age. Since I had to grow up fast, I never really had the typical childhood most kids get to experience. I felt like I could not make mistakes. This is when I started to become very harsh on myself. I did not want to disappoint my parents, so I did everything in my power to be the child that I thought they wanted me to be. Children who feel left out against their siblings can become worried and anxious, because their experiences of deprivation have been incorporated with how they view themselves (Marano 58). As I have gotten older and life has started to slow down for my family, my parents have worked hard to make sure that I feel accepted by them. Having my parent’s acceptance is very important to me. Looking back at this experie nce, I now realize I am only human, and that being â€Å"perfect† all the time is unrealistic, and that is something that I have accepted. Since I was often neglected by my parents, acceptance was something I strived to have from everyone, not just them. I set my standards too high. I did notShow MoreRelatedBasic Tenets Of Symbolic Interactionism976 Words   |  4 Pagesthe concept of self and of larger societal structures. - Self identity concept affects behavior. Quintessentially, it is a theory based on human interaction/communication (both facilitated by words, gestures plus symbols that have acquired an agreed upon conventional meaning; how we learn to interpret the world we live in and make it meaningful, through our interaction with others. The main axioms of this Theory: - Humans are unique beings, because of their ability to use symbols. - The interactionRead MoreHow A Wild Tongue By Gloria Anzaldua1236 Words   |  5 Pagesmother tongue. She argues that for many years, the dominant American culture has silenced their language. She claims that by forcing them to speak English and attempting to eliminate their accents, the Americans have robbed the Chicanos of their identity. She also addresses the issue of low self-esteem that results from this process of acculturation. Growing up in the United States, Anzaldà ºa says she had to accommodate to the American culture. The fact that she was discouraged from practicing herRead MoreEssay about Dreadlocks and Individualism1593 Words   |  7 Pagestestimony to ones individualism and creativity for the men and women who wear and contribute to the beauty of this style. According to the recent survey, there are many stigmas attached to a person who wears dreadlocks. For example, a sophomore, Sam Wilson encounters prejudices often. He feels that people often associate his dreads with selling or smoking marijuana on a regular basis. The derivation of this stereotype stems from the Rastafarian culture. Smoking marijuana is a long tradition amongstRead MoreWho Is a Bahamian Essay1353 Words   |  6 PagesBethel Professor Dr. Craig Smith English 300 January 29th, 2013 Who is a Bahamian? Public displays of Bahamian pride have adorned Bay Street and the profound Nassau Art Gallery (NAG) since the later part of 2012. An attractive cadre of portraits, arts and craft has captured various dimensions of the Bahamian life in efforts to increase national awareness of Bahamian ethnic identity, history, and culture and to attempt answering the â€Å"loaded†¦Ã¢â‚¬  question of â€Å"who is a Bahamian?†(Wells1). ArguablyRead More Evolving of Characters in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice Essay1413 Words   |  6 PagesEvolving of Characters in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice In Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen creates a unique environment which allows her characters to evolve and to transform. One of the characters, Elizabeth Bennet, the second daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Bennet, faces challenges that impact her decisive demeanor. Likewise, Fitzwilliam Darcy, Elizabeth’s love interest, confronts many obstacles which come against his character as well. Through several key experiences, both Elizabeth andRead MoreRacial Stereotypes And Racial Inequality1657 Words   |  7 Pagesblack identity. Post-black contemporary art plays a central role in how African Americans confront the struggles of social acceptance that blacks face today. I believe that the role and purpose of post-black aesthetics in contemporary African American art is to challenge hegemonic representations of racial stereotypes that existed and still exist within American Culture. Furthermore it is the creation of black visual art and projection of black images that are intended to ra ise black pride and forgeRead MoreThe Effects Of Prejudice On Children And Young People1502 Words   |  7 PagesPrejudice is an opinion or attitude about a group of people that is based upon lack of understanding or incorrect information. It is making assumptions about children and young people because they belong to a particular group. Prejudiced attitudes can all too often be found among children, even at a very young age. Research has shown that children are capable of holding prejudices and negative attitudes towards others from the age of three. There are so many pressures on children to fit in and toRead MoreNotes On The s A Jelly Bean 1681 Words   |  7 Pagesjudge a Jelly Bean by its color, and that it was an unrewarding practice to group together these individual candies because when not every bean fit into a color category, I forced it to. The same can be said for people. Each and every one of us are unique individuals, and it is virtually impossible to effectively â €˜sort’ us into groups - even more so as our society progresses. Identifiers such as race, religion, sexual orientation - even gender - which we once used to group people together, now makeRead MoreA Thousand Splendid Suns And Pride And Prejudice Analysis1900 Words   |  8 Pagessociety and in family. In both A Thousand Splendid Suns and Pride and Prejudice, men are the dominant figures in all households, as they have control over their financial status, who their children marry, where they live, and create means in which the females of the family must follow. The inferiority that women face leads to an inquiry of an immense pride for males, which negatively affects women. Clearly displayed in the texts, a mans pride is his greatest virtue, and the retraction of respect forRead MoreMemoirs of a Woman of Pleasure by John Cleland1447 Words   |  6 Pages A unique characteristic of Cleland’s engagement with female virtue is his recognition of rethinking morality. After all, when people think about morality, engage in current ways of conduct in their society, and perhaps recall the very first teachings of ‘value,’ these ideas are very frequently conventionalized in their minds. The difference between right or wrong become sites of their first understanding of morality and, in turn, attain their own significance for those who taught them those values

I Am Sam Essay Example For Students

I Am Sam Essay The 2001 film I Am Sam moves beyond the function of an entertaining movie and into the map of a societal thesis on the cultural word picture of disablement in modern-day life. Directed by Jessie Nelson ( Megan Dowdy. 2009 ). I Am Sam follows a mentally challenged male parent. on his built-in chase to recover detention of his 7 twelvemonth old girl Lucy. As a consequence. I am Sam received recognition for its aptitude and capableness to near the susceptible topic of intellectual disablements and parenting. In 2002. the Producers Guild of America awarded the manufacturers and managers of the movie with the first Stanley Kramer award for their ability to convey understanding to corporate concerns. ( Goodridge. 2002 ) . hence. the agreement of the positions articulated in this movie can be assessed to set up how the representation of Sam as a handicapped individual tantrums within societal concepts. I Am Sam show’s two distinct techniques that framework influence of perceptual experience: the medical theoretical account and the societal theoretical account. Medical Model In the medical theoretical account. social perceptual experience is found in the physiological or psychological cause of the disablement ( Darke. P. 1997 ). As a consequence. disablement is viewed as an unwellness that must be cured. Harmonizing to editors Ann Pointon and Chris Davies. in the medical theoretical account. â€Å"it is the damage that constitutes the disablement. made worse or better by the individual’s ain attitude towards it†. In the medical theoretical account. the declaration for covering with disablement is peculiar; as a whole disablement and any symptoms of abnormalcy must be cured in order to be classed ‘typical’. Although an individual’s attitude can assist or harm the state of affairs. the act of being disabled can merely be solved through bring arounding the damage ( Darke. P. 1997 ). This point of view conforms to the shared position that â€Å"people must alter to suit the norm of society. alternatively of so ciety altering to suit the diverseness of people† ( Megan Dowdy. 2009 ) . A specific scene throughout this film expresses the medical theoretical account good. Sam attempts to engage a really high-octane attorney. Rita Harrison. in order to recover detention *PLAY HUGGING RITA SCENE* . The categorization of Sam with his disablements leads to mechanical portraitures of him as a societal castaway. He is characterized in footings that reflect that he is an unwanted member of society. Whose friendly relationship or company is non needed. Before Rita makes an attempt to prosecute a friendly relationship with Sam subsequently on in the movie. at first she becomes medically cognizant of him by his disablement. After stating Sam that she will be his attorney pro bono. he passionately and excitedly pulled her in to embrace her. In rejoinder. Rita looked disgusted. Following she so wiped her hands really rapidly. demoing that to a individual of ‘normal class’ that something about Sam was soiled or sickening. Rita is merely able to near and do friends with Sam after she begins to be grateful for his kindness. In Rita’s point of position. Sam loses his grotesquery once she is able to categorise him as Sam and non by his disablement ( Megan Dowdy 2009 )   as shown in this scene *PLAY ORIGAMI BARRIER SCENE* Sam creates the origami roadblock which he sits indoors with Rita reacting by gazing at Sam through a little gap in the obstructor. with a camera angle merely supplying an extreme close up of his face from her point of position. Through her position of this scene Sam is the focal point of the full screen. This portrays an epiphany as to when Rita begins to concentrate on Sam as simply a normal human being and being able to look further than his medical disablements. .ucf38f7a30f9b4f92360c6cb5ec52811e , .ucf38f7a30f9b4f92360c6cb5ec52811e .postImageUrl , .ucf38f7a30f9b4f92360c6cb5ec52811e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucf38f7a30f9b4f92360c6cb5ec52811e , .ucf38f7a30f9b4f92360c6cb5ec52811e:hover , .ucf38f7a30f9b4f92360c6cb5ec52811e:visited , .ucf38f7a30f9b4f92360c6cb5ec52811e:active { border:0!important; } .ucf38f7a30f9b4f92360c6cb5ec52811e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucf38f7a30f9b4f92360c6cb5ec52811e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucf38f7a30f9b4f92360c6cb5ec52811e:active , .ucf38f7a30f9b4f92360c6cb5ec52811e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucf38f7a30f9b4f92360c6cb5ec52811e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucf38f7a30f9b4f92360c6cb5ec52811e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucf38f7a30f9b4f92360c6cb5ec52811e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucf38f7a30f9b4f92360c6cb5ec52811e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucf38f7a30f9b4f92360c6cb5ec52811e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucf38f7a30f9b4f92360c6cb5ec52811e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucf38f7a30f9b4f92360c6cb5ec52811e .ucf38f7a30f9b4f92360c6cb5ec52811e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucf38f7a30f9b4f92360c6cb5ec52811e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Things They Carried Essay SummaryAttach toing this is the lighting of the scene. The illuming becomes warm when society allows Sam to set up relationships with people. The origami scene possesses a more intensified brightness. in comparing to when Sam foremost met Rita at her office. This shows contrast. turn outing that Sam is at his happiest when being able to discourse with people. Though the scene itself is one where Sam is genuinely disquieted the lighting addresses that when Sam has been upset in the yesteryear he has had no 1 to confide in due to corporate stereotypes of which he and his friends are good cognizant of. At one point of the movie. a medical theoretical account is farther explored when Sam and his friends carefully try to dissemble their disablements when Sam is puting up his new replying machine. Sam decides that in order to be a good male parent he must sound like he is non mentally impaired. and in the words of Brad his friend. Sam must â€Å"sound like a normal person† ( Nelson. 2001 ) alternatively of being identified by a disablement. Social Model In the societal theoretical account. social instability is embedded in the attitudes and institutional model neighbouring disablement ( Darke. P. 1997 ). In the position of the societal theoretical account. trials are formed non by the disablement itself. but the civilization and surroundings the disablement is positioned into. As a consequence. if people with disablements are powerless to medically bring around their damages so they are non automatically jobs of society. Alternatively. communicating with them determines their social rank ( Megan Dowdy. 2009 ). Unlike the medical theoretical account in the societal theoretical account there is no touchable therapy for the disablement. The cultural perceptual experience of disablement alterations as society matures or otherwise transforms. Harmonizing to editors Pointon and Davies in the societal theoretical account. â€Å"disability is therefore non a fixed status but a societal concept and unfastened to action and alte ration. One may hold an damage ( or ‘condition’ ) but in the right scene and with the right AIDSs and attitudes one may non be disabled by it† ( 1997. p. 2 ). An illustration of utilizing the societal theoretical account throughout the text is the opening scene of I Am Sam. *OPENING SUGAR PACKET SCENE* . Fundamentalss of the societal theoretical account are evidenced during a word picture of a Sam that is enabled. In the societal theoretical account Sam is non recognized by his disablement but by who he is as a human being. In the gap of the film the societal theoretical account becomes evident through Sam’s position. In the class of shootings that show merely Sam’s hands set uping sugar packages and finishing undertakings to ready Starbucks to open. the gap first introduces Sam as an effectual difficult working member of society. Merely subsequently does the camera rapid climb out and viewing audiences realize that Sam has a disablement. Supporting the societal theoretical account of this scene is the artistic constituent of sound. Jessie Nelson has intentionally opened this film with the preliminary pacing of Sam’s life. As rhythmic percussion side by side a air current instrument. the trouble-free. positive round plays the methodic manner in which Sam lives his life. At the start of the film. Sam has a programmed gait in his life ; he works during the yearss. chows at IHOP on Wednesday darks. and so has film darks with his friends ( J Nelson. 2001 ). The slow. optimistic round of the mark reflects Sam’s capableness to take power over life processs and positively collaborate in society. All viewing audiences throughout that scene are non prejudice about a disablement nevertheless the 2nd the camera is drawn off ; viewing audiences make premises and experience otherwise about Sam when recognizing he is impaired. Towards the terminal of the film it becomes evident that Lucy will be no better looked after by anyone other than Sam. .uc4951dc73e42fd6a38b2fcdbca1f11c2 , .uc4951dc73e42fd6a38b2fcdbca1f11c2 .postImageUrl , .uc4951dc73e42fd6a38b2fcdbca1f11c2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc4951dc73e42fd6a38b2fcdbca1f11c2 , .uc4951dc73e42fd6a38b2fcdbca1f11c2:hover , .uc4951dc73e42fd6a38b2fcdbca1f11c2:visited , .uc4951dc73e42fd6a38b2fcdbca1f11c2:active { border:0!important; } .uc4951dc73e42fd6a38b2fcdbca1f11c2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc4951dc73e42fd6a38b2fcdbca1f11c2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc4951dc73e42fd6a38b2fcdbca1f11c2:active , .uc4951dc73e42fd6a38b2fcdbca1f11c2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc4951dc73e42fd6a38b2fcdbca1f11c2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc4951dc73e42fd6a38b2fcdbca1f11c2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc4951dc73e42fd6a38b2fcdbca1f11c2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc4951dc73e42fd6a38b2fcdbca1f11c2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc4951dc73e42fd6a38b2fcdbca1f11c2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc4951dc73e42fd6a38b2fcdbca1f11c2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc4951dc73e42fd6a38b2fcdbca1f11c2 .uc4951dc73e42fd6a38b2fcdbca1f11c2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc4951dc73e42fd6a38b2fcdbca1f11c2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Contraceptives EssayWhen being interrogated and asked what it is Sam can give Lucy by the resistance in tribunal. Lucy merely replies â€Å"All I need is Love†Ã‚   stressing the fact that disablement should be no barrier between love and fondness. as everyone including Lucy’s possible adoptive female parent shortly comes to happen out. *PLAY APOLOGY SCENE* this scene absolutely triumphs the concluding message of the film that both societal and medical perceptual experiences can non predominate over love. Love in this movie brings everyone together turn outing that get the better ofing stereotyped boundaries in respects to mental disablements helps make a decr ease in bias behavior and debasement. This movie has really successfully raised consciousness. and surely given insight as to how people with a mental disablement are no different to people perceived as ‘normal’. Sam is able to keep onto a paying occupation. construct friendly relationships and live on his ain without attention as shown through all film scenes viewed today. Peoples with a intellectual disablement have the tools to populate a normal life nevertheless are frequently non given the opportunity. As stated antecedently in today’s civilization there is perceptual experience that people must alter to suit the norm of society alternatively of society altering to suit the diverseness of people. and this movie creates nil less than a perfect attack to alter that sentiment.

Something We Dont Have free essay sample

We don’t relies what we have; were to focused on the big bad and scary to see what’s right in front of us and what we have. We focus on the bad and not the good; life is to short; to sit around waiting for something to happen; If we want something of the world we have to make it ourselves. I seem to come back to this thought; why do the commercials of third world countries describe them as sad; lost; hopeless peoples. The way I see it is that is not so; just because you have to work harder doesn’t mean you can’t be happy; infect I’m almost sure that these people are happier. They have the things that really matter friends and family; thin about the world we live in what makes you most happy? The possessions we have? Computers and TV’s and all these things those are worthless in the big scheme of things; my happiest times were with family and friends; down at my cabin doing nothing but lounge and have time with them. We will write a custom essay sample on Something We Dont Have or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Doing things I love to do; learn and read and write and go for hikes and go swimming. All I need is paper a pencil a pair of shoes and the clothing on my back; is the world really that hard no it’s so simple and we take it for granted. We take for granted the people we love; we take for granted the clothing on our backs; the shoes on our feet; we take for granted our leisure times and the things we have that we don’t need and don’t deserve. Why do I deserve the things that others don’t have; the things that people better than me don’t have? Some of my best memories are from meeting new people volunteering giving back; trying to be the best person I can be; to help people; fight for what is right and what is just fight for equality and fight for justice. It is my believe that everyone is equal then why don’t we get treated that way weather we live in Canada or India; weather we live in china’s farmland where people starve and die; or w eather we live in Jamaica’s beautiful land living in a tent with computer and nice clothing but in a tent because of the tsunami season. Weather someone is fighting for their rights in Russia or there life in Iraq; we are people; just people; all human; we make mistakes and live and suffer and no one is better than anyone. We have more but do we deserve it; no. maybe we should stop for a moment and think of thanks for these things because we don’t deserve them more than anyone else. We should give thanks to the people who took us hear and gave us the chances they have; we should think back and remember with fond memory even the worst of times because it could be worse. We should reflect and give thanks once a day; and relies how much we have; how easy it could be taken away. The world is not that big; not that bad; and it’s not that scary. You have the opportunity to change lives you have the straight to be strong on your own; each and every single one of us has what it takes; and we are fighters; warriors and we all have what it takes to be more than we are; if only we are fighting for what is right and if only we remember how small and gentle this world is; and to know that we can change the world. No matter if were 92 or only 10 and every age in between each of us came make a difference in the world; in our world.

Military Grave Markers and Tombstones

Military Grave Markers and Tombstones For many, the first introduction to an ancestors military service is at the cemetery when they discover a flag or military marker next to their ancestors grave, or an unknown acronym or image carved on the stone. Common Military Abbreviations United States - Military Abbreviations - Ranks, Units AwardsAustralia - Military Abbreviations TerminologyCanada - Military Abbreviations, Terms and MeaningsGermany - Glossary of Germany military terms and abbreviations Tombstone Symbols May Indicate Military Service Flag - liberty and loyalty. Often seen on military markers.Stars Stripes around an Eagle - Eternal vigilance and liberty. Often seen on U.S. military markers.Sword - often indicates military service. When found on the base of the stone might indicate infantry.Crossed swords - May indicate a military person of high rank or a life lost in battle.Horse - May indicate calvalry.Eagle - courage, faith and generosity. May indicate military service.Shield - Strength and courage. May indicate military service.Rifle - often indicates military service.Cannon - generally indicates military service. When found on the base of the stone it may indicate artillery. Acronyms for Military Groups Veterans Organizations CSA - Confederate States of AmericaDAR - Daughters of the American RevolutionGAR - Grand Army of the RepublicSAR - Sons of the American RevolutionSCV - Sons of Confederate VeteransSSAWV - Sons of Spanish American War VeteransUDC - United Daughters of the ConfederacyUSD 1812 - Daughters of the War of 1812USWV - United Spanish War VeteransVFW - Veterans of Foreign Wars

Analytical overview of the newspaper publishing industry in the uk.

In line with the above, this paper provides an analytical overview of the newspaper publishing industry in the UK. It provides a comprehensive overview of the sector structure including an analysis of the value/supply chain, business models, some of the leading newspapers and an analysis of the market structure. The paper also examines key demographics, user preferences and the changing patterns of consumption. Finally, the paper conducts a critical analysis of the current issues and trends including examining the impact of technologies, market and business forces. Overview of sector structure The newspaper publishing industry in the UK has a unique structure in terms of geographical coverage of publications. With reference to the geographical coverage, there are two main categories: the national publications and regional publications (Anon 2013). The national newspapers comprise of 10 dailies and 12 Sundays (Anon 2013). Within these two categories are the tabloid newspapers; middle-market tabloid newspapers and broadsheet newspapers (Anon 2013). Most of the newspapers in the UK are however under the ‘tabloid’ subcategory. Examples of tabloid newspapers are The Sun, Daily Mirror, Daily Star, The People and The Morning Star amongst others (Anon 2013). Whilst the broadsheet examples include The Daily Telegraph, Financial Times, The Guardian, The Independent, The Sunday Times and The Observer among others. The ‘Middle-market’ tabloid newspapers include Daily Mail, Sunday Express, Daily Express and The Mail on Sunday (Anon 2013). Regional newspapers in the UK are more than 1500 but for the purpose of this analysis, we shall highlight the top 10 regional groups. The parent companies of the top 10 regional newspapers include: Archant which was formerly referred to as Eastern Counties Newspaper Group (Anon 2013). Associated Newspapers Ltd Guardian Media Group plc Mirror Group Regional Newspapers which is currently known as Trinity (Anon 2013). Newsquest Portsmouth and Sunderland Newspapers (Anon 2013). Northcliffe Newspapers Group Trinity Mirror plc Scotsman Publications Ltd and D C Thompson Having defined the structure of newspapers, it is worthwhile examining the value/supply chains and the traditional business model. Supply chains In the UK, Newspaper supply chains are publisher-led. In other words, publishers have a strong degree of influence over the supply chains (OFT 2008). They exercise a stronger degree of influence over the volumes of products received by retailers through setting parameters used by wholesalers to allocate copies to the retailers (OFT 2008). The publisher also exerts influence on pricing at all stages of the supply chain by printing a price and setting margins for both the retailers and wholesalers (OFT 2008). They also set performance standards that define the nature of service provided to the retailers. These standards influence the terms and conditions on which retailers are supplied by the wholesalers (OFT 2008). The publisher’s main role in the newspaper publishing industry is thus to intermediate between journalists, information users, advertisers and other attention-seekers (OECD 2010). Journalists, on the other hand, have the task of creating content. This process of content creation and manufacturing requires in-depth research and investigation. Newspaper organizations also rely on news agencies such as Reuters and the Associated Press for news stories (OECD 2010). With the draft created, a diligent work flow follows that include a number of activities such as editing, copy-editing and graphical work (OECD 2010). Finally, a fully digital version is created ready for printing (OECD 2010). Characteristics of the newspaper publishing industry A key characteristic to note in the newspaper publishing industry is the two-sided markets: advertizing revenues and sale of editorial content (Berte De Bens 2008). Newspapers provide for both advertising and editorial content and as such generate revenues from both the advertisers and readers (Berte De Bens 2008). Another key newspaper characteristic is perishability. Newspapers are perishable in that their value is only for a short period. Demand is thus concentrated in a short time window which is often in the morning (OFT 2008). As such, there is pressure in the supply chain to reduce the time taken to deliver newspapers to retail outlets (OFT 2008). Newspapers in the UK are printed at print centres which are spread throughout the country. Once printed, they are distributed to wholesale depots in the UK (Berte De Bens 2008). These are then packed and delivered by the wholesalers to retailers (Berte De Bens 2008). In addition, some newspapers are supplied directly to consumers through subscription. However, magazines account for most of the subscription sales. Some examples of newspapers that offer subscription service in the UK include the Financial Times and The Times (OFT 2008). In the recent years, there has been a push towards supplying newspapers directly to the retailers. Publishers have become more involved in supplying newspapers outside the normal distribution process including supplying to high-street retailers (OFT 2008). As such a new supply chain, a direct-to-retail (DTR) distribution system is currently underway. Consumer behaviour The circulation and readership of newspapers cut across every age group, sector and social strata (Hamel Prahalad 1994). However, some age groups are more prone to reading newspapers than others. Adults are particularly more loyal to their newspapers than the younger teenagers. According to keynote survey on the consumption patterns of newspapers in the UK, it was found that majority of newspaper readers comprised mainly of the elderly. According to the survey, 48.9% of teenagers aged between 16 and 19 would buy a local or regional newspaper at least once a week (Keynote 2010). But beyond the age of 20, the buying falls and continues to decline up to the age of 44 before rising again, reaching a peak of 61.3% among those aged above 65 (Keynote 2010). Nonetheless, it is safe to assume that the UK industry offers a vibrant market for publishers as both the older consumers and younger teenagers have a quest for information. But just like with other social trends, evolution is inevitable and the rise of the internet leads to changing user preferences and changing patterns of consumption (Currah 2009). More recently there has been a decline in consumption of newspapers even among the adults which is largely attributable to the proliferation of online alternatives. In a comparative survey carried out by Keynote between 2008 and 2009, it was found that 36.5% of adults bought national newspapers on a daily basis, down from 42.4% in 2008 (Keynote 2010). The old newspaper business model which has for a long time been a success is coming under pressure due to the ongoing digitization. Reader markets and advertizing are in fact declining in many parts of the world owing to the growth of new digital media. The internet has grown to become nearly a standard publishing channel and is posing a major threat to the contemporary business model (Darmstadt 2006). The changing consumer preference has been a key driving factor behind this contraction as advertizing and print media have lost out to online alternatives that offer information and advertizing services via the social media (Smith 2013). In fact, in between 2007 and 2012, there was a 25% drop in the circulation of the daily newspapers in the UK (Smith 2013). Although the rise of the internet has to some extent benefited newspaper publishers through the revenues generated from advertizing on their online publications, the loss suffered by print advertizing has been far greater than the benefits derived from online publications such that it has resulted in an overall negative growth for most of the newspapers (Boczkowski 2005). Also, the value chain of news production, distribution and consumption has been fundamentally affected by the growth of the internet and the ongoing digitization (Leurdijk et al 2012). Whilst most newspapers have launched their own websites and offered blogs and apps for mobile devices, they still have to bear the costs which are significantly high (Leurdijk et al 2012). Moreover, the huge quantity of information available online has made it increasingly difficult for people to pay for online services. Pay models which have proven to be successful are scarce. The pay-wall model was initially experimented by some of the newspaper publishers but failed as the subscription revenues could not offset the vast loss of advertising revenues that resulted from decline in readership (Leurdijk et al 2012). However, there have been new attempts lately to re-introduce pay-walls for premium content by some of the publishers such as the New York Times, the Hamburger Abendblatt and The Berliner Morgenpost among others (Leurdijk et al 2012). But still, only a few companies have managed to succeed in developing viable online business models (Miyamoto Whittaker 2005). Perhaps we can say that the newspaper publishing industry is under turmoil due to the penetration of broadband and the rise of new devices for delivering digital content. Consumers are quickly embracing technology and switching to digital media. However, this transition from traditional print media to digital media varies with age (Fenez et al 2010). The younger generation is particularly the most affected. But as noted by Keynote, the impact has also been felt among the older consumers. Of course these changes will tend to benefit the consumers. Such newer forms of decentralized news will liberate readers from partisan news monopolies which have dominated the industry (Currah 2009). Consumers will also benefit from increase in the availability of ‘free’ news and news consumption that can be tailored to fit own preference (Currah 2009). But at the same time there is a concern regarding the quality of output, in particular, whether the desired output can be sustained by market. It should be noted that, unlike the traditional news organizations, many actors involved in the online content lack the large fixed cost base needed to provide in-depth and varied reporting of news (OECD 2010). In this regard, will vulnerable news genres such as reporting on local government, investigative journalism and reporting on areas not of immediate economic or political interest, survive (Leurdijk et al 2010)This is an issue that requires further documentation. Current issues and what the future holds Following the recent recession that led to declining business profit, the advertiser’s budget has today shrunk (Smith 2013). The impact of the recession has been a decline in readership due to high prices of newspapers. Also, the recent phone hacking scandal that implicated tabloid newspapers has undermined trust in journalists and led to a declining demand in major papers (Smith 2013). More recently, the introduction a new generation of eReaders such the iPad, tablet computers and kindles has provided an alternative for accessing information online (Sabagh 2011). With influx of such portable technology, the decline print newspaper is likely to accelerate, adding pressure to the traditional models that have supported many titles (Sabbagh 2011). The impact of these changes has already been felt by a number of local newspapers with 31 titles closing in 2010 (Sabbagh 2011). However, there are those that seem to handle the transition well such as the Financial Times which has seen a growth in digital subscription (Sabbagh 2011). For instance, in 2011, the average print circulation of Financial Times (FT) was 297,227 whereas that of the digital circulation was around 301,471, indicating a 31% increase in digital subscribers (Greenslade 2012). During the same year, the average global audience grew to 2.1m whereas that of the print stayed flat (Greenslade 2012). But while FT has made a successful digital transition, majority of the newspapers have not succeed in developing viable online business models. Given the declining demand, pressure has mounted on newspapers to adopt defence mechanism in order to protect their bottom line (Smith 2011). Publishers have been forced to optimize online advertizing platforms and some others have had to adopt paywalls (Smith 2011). Also, there are those that are opting to expand internationally in efforts to capture a new market in an information-centric society (Smith 2011). The structural challenges facing the newspaper publishing industry have no doubt resulted in a decline in circulation volume and a shift of advertizing to online channels. The growth in information technology is already having an impact on consumption behaviours as reading is losing against listening and watching of news via the Televisions, radios and the internet (ATKearney 2005). The trend is also forecast to continue in the coming future. As pointed out by ATKearney (2005), circulation of newspapers is likely to decline by over 25% in the forthcoming 20 years due to a decline in readership and the growth of digital generation. With newspaper revenue declining, there is a higher possibility of heavy consolidation to occur through company ‘attrition’ and Merger and acquisition activities (ATKearney 2005). The impact of the recent phone hacking scandal is likely to be minimal as popular titles still remain in fair commercial health. Tabloid newspapers such as ‘The People’, ‘The Daily’ and ‘Sunday Mirror’, and ‘Record titles’ in Scotland are still in fair commercial health. However, whilst the Leveson inquiry is expected to have minimal effects on the industry performance, a concern has been raised that the resulting regulation will be unbalanced between print news and that published online (Smith 2011). Conclusion Indeed we have seen that a number of factors have contributed to a decline in newspaper circulation such as recession, new technology (e-readers and smartphones), new internet intermediaries, new business models, and social factors such as increased participation in creation of digital content. These changes have had mixed effects in the industry. On the one extreme, consumers have benefited from availability of free information and consumption of news content which can be tailored to suit their own preferences. Also such newer forms of decentralized news have liberated readers from partisan news monopolies which have dominated the industry. On the other extreme, the traditional print media has been declining and this demise puts at risk an important foundation of democratic societies. Also, there is a concern that the desired quality output may not be sustainable as many actors involved in the online content lack the large fixed cost base needed to provide in-depth and varied reporting of news. Reference Anon, 2013. UK regional newspapers. Magforum ATKearney, 2005. Newspaper endgame: evolution scenarios for the European Newspaper Publishing industry. London Berte, K. and De Bens, E., 2008. ‘Newspapers go for advertising! Challenges and opportunities in a changing media environment’. Journalism Studies, 9(5), 692-703. Boczkowski, P. J., 2005. Digitizing the news: innovation in online newspapers. Cambirdge, Currah, A., 2009. What’s happening to our news: an investigation into the likely impact of the digital revolution on the economics of news publishing in the UK. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. Elvestad, E. and Blekesaune, A., 2008. ‘Newspaper readers in Europe: a multilevel study of individual and national differences’. European Journal of Communication, 23(4), 425-447. Fenez, M., Middelweerd, J., Van der Donk, M., 2010. Moving into multiple business models. Pricewaterhousecoopers, Greenslade, R., 2012. How the Financial Times successfully made the digital transition. The Guardian. Hamel, G. and Prahalad, C.K., 1994, Competing for the Future, Boston MA: Harvard Business School Press. Keynote, 2010. Publishing industry: who still reads newspapers{viewed on 24th April 2013} availablefrom https://www.keynote.co.uk/media-centre/in-the-news/display/publishing-industry%3A-who-still-reads-newspapers%3F/?articleId=426 Leurdijk,A., Slot, M., Niewenhuis, O., 2012. Statistical, ecosystems and competitiveness analysis of the media and content industries: The newspaper publishing industry. Joint Research Centre Massachusetts: MIT Press. Miyamoto, D. and Whittaker, D., 2005. The book publishing industry in Japan and the UK: corporate philosophy/objectives, behaviour and market structure. Working paper No.309, ESRC Centre for Business Research OECD 2010, The evolution of news and the internet. DSTI/ICCP/IE(2009)14/FINAL Office of Fair Trading (OFT), 2008, Newspaper and magazine distribution in the United Kingdom, Crown Publishers Sabbagh, D., 2011. iPads and Kindles force newspapers further away from print. The Guardian Smith, G., 2013. Newspaper publishing in the UK industry market research report now updated by IBISWorld. IBISWorld {viewed on 24th April 2013} available from http://www.prweb.com/releases/2013/2/prweb10407604.htm Analytical overview of the newspaper publishing industry in the uk. In line with the above, this paper provides an analytical overview of the newspaper publishing industry in the UK. It provides a comprehensive overview of the sector structure including an analysis of the value/supply chain, business models, some of the leading newspapers and an analysis of the market structure. The paper also examines key demographics, user preferences and the changing patterns of consumption. Finally, the paper conducts a critical analysis of the current issues and trends including examining the impact of technologies, market and business forces. Overview of sector structure The newspaper publishing industry in the UK has a unique structure in terms of geographical coverage of publications. With reference to the geographical coverage, there are two main categories: the national publications and regional publications (Anon 2013). The national newspapers comprise of 10 dailies and 12 Sundays (Anon 2013). Within these two categories are the tabloid newspapers; middle-market tabloid newspapers and broadsheet newspapers (Anon 2013). Most of the newspapers in the UK are however under the ‘tabloid’ subcategory. Examples of tabloid newspapers are The Sun, Daily Mirror, Daily Star, The People and The Morning Star amongst others (Anon 2013). Whilst the broadsheet examples include The Daily Telegraph, Financial Times, The Guardian, The Independent, The Sunday Times and The Observer among others. The ‘Middle-market’ tabloid newspapers include Daily Mail, Sunday Express, Daily Express and The Mail on Sunday (Anon 2013). Regional newspapers in the UK are more than 1500 but for the purpose of this analysis, we shall highlight the top 10 regional groups. The parent companies of the top 10 regional newspapers include: Archant which was formerly referred to as Eastern Counties Newspaper Group (Anon 2013). Associated Newspapers Ltd Guardian Media Group plc Mirror Group Regional Newspapers which is currently known as Trinity (Anon 2013). Newsquest Portsmouth and Sunderland Newspapers (Anon 2013). Northcliffe Newspapers Group Trinity Mirror plc Scotsman Publications Ltd and D C Thompson Having defined the structure of newspapers, it is worthwhile examining the value/supply chains and the traditional business model. Supply chains In the UK, Newspaper supply chains are publisher-led. In other words, publishers have a strong degree of influence over the supply chains (OFT 2008). They exercise a stronger degree of influence over the volumes of products received by retailers through setting parameters used by wholesalers to allocate copies to the retailers (OFT 2008). The publisher also exerts influence on pricing at all stages of the supply chain by printing a price and setting margins for both the retailers and wholesalers (OFT 2008). They also set performance standards that define the nature of service provided to the retailers. These standards influence the terms and conditions on which retailers are supplied by the wholesalers (OFT 2008). The publisher’s main role in the newspaper publishing industry is thus to intermediate between journalists, information users, advertisers and other attention-seekers (OECD 2010). Journalists, on the other hand, have the task of creating content. This process of content creation and manufacturing requires in-depth research and investigation. Newspaper organizations also rely on news agencies such as Reuters and the Associated Press for news stories (OECD 2010). With the draft created, a diligent work flow follows that include a number of activities such as editing, copy-editing and graphical work (OECD 2010). Finally, a fully digital version is created ready for printing (OECD 2010). Characteristics of the newspaper publishing industry A key characteristic to note in the newspaper publishing industry is the two-sided markets: advertizing revenues and sale of editorial content (Berte De Bens 2008). Newspapers provide for both advertising and editorial content and as such generate revenues from both the advertisers and readers (Berte De Bens 2008). Another key newspaper characteristic is perishability. Newspapers are perishable in that their value is only for a short period. Demand is thus concentrated in a short time window which is often in the morning (OFT 2008). As such, there is pressure in the supply chain to reduce the time taken to deliver newspapers to retail outlets (OFT 2008). Newspapers in the UK are printed at print centres which are spread throughout the country. Once printed, they are distributed to wholesale depots in the UK (Berte De Bens 2008). These are then packed and delivered by the wholesalers to retailers (Berte De Bens 2008). In addition, some newspapers are supplied directly to consumers through subscription. However, magazines account for most of the subscription sales. Some examples of newspapers that offer subscription service in the UK include the Financial Times and The Times (OFT 2008). In the recent years, there has been a push towards supplying newspapers directly to the retailers. Publishers have become more involved in supplying newspapers outside the normal distribution process including supplying to high-street retailers (OFT 2008). As such a new supply chain, a direct-to-retail (DTR) distribution system is currently underway. Consumer behaviour The circulation and readership of newspapers cut across every age group, sector and social strata (Hamel Prahalad 1994). However, some age groups are more prone to reading newspapers than others. Adults are particularly more loyal to their newspapers than the younger teenagers. According to keynote survey on the consumption patterns of newspapers in the UK, it was found that majority of newspaper readers comprised mainly of the elderly. According to the survey, 48.9% of teenagers aged between 16 and 19 would buy a local or regional newspaper at least once a week (Keynote 2010). But beyond the age of 20, the buying falls and continues to decline up to the age of 44 before rising again, reaching a peak of 61.3% among those aged above 65 (Keynote 2010). Nonetheless, it is safe to assume that the UK industry offers a vibrant market for publishers as both the older consumers and younger teenagers have a quest for information. But just like with other social trends, evolution is inevitable and the rise of the internet leads to changing user preferences and changing patterns of consumption (Currah 2009). More recently there has been a decline in consumption of newspapers even among the adults which is largely attributable to the proliferation of online alternatives. In a comparative survey carried out by Keynote between 2008 and 2009, it was found that 36.5% of adults bought national newspapers on a daily basis, down from 42.4% in 2008 (Keynote 2010). The old newspaper business model which has for a long time been a success is coming under pressure due to the ongoing digitization. Reader markets and advertizing are in fact declining in many parts of the world owing to the growth of new digital media. The internet has grown to become nearly a standard publishing channel and is posing a major threat to the contemporary business model (Darmstadt 2006). The changing consumer preference has been a key driving factor behind this contraction as advertizing and print media have lost out to online alternatives that offer information and advertizing services via the social media (Smith 2013). In fact, in between 2007 and 2012, there was a 25% drop in the circulation of the daily newspapers in the UK (Smith 2013). Although the rise of the internet has to some extent benefited newspaper publishers through the revenues generated from advertizing on their online publications, the loss suffered by print advertizing has been far greater than the benefits derived from online publications such that it has resulted in an overall negative growth for most of the newspapers (Boczkowski 2005). Also, the value chain of news production, distribution and consumption has been fundamentally affected by the growth of the internet and the ongoing digitization (Leurdijk et al 2012). Whilst most newspapers have launched their own websites and offered blogs and apps for mobile devices, they still have to bear the costs which are significantly high (Leurdijk et al 2012). Moreover, the huge quantity of information available online has made it increasingly difficult for people to pay for online services. Pay models which have proven to be successful are scarce. The pay-wall model was initially experimented by some of the newspaper publishers but failed as the subscription revenues could not offset the vast loss of advertising revenues that resulted from decline in readership (Leurdijk et al 2012). However, there have been new attempts lately to re-introduce pay-walls for premium content by some of the publishers such as the New York Times, the Hamburger Abendblatt and The Berliner Morgenpost among others (Leurdijk et al 2012). But still, only a few companies have managed to succeed in developing viable online business models (Miyamoto Whittaker 2005). Perhaps we can say that the newspaper publishing industry is under turmoil due to the penetration of broadband and the rise of new devices for delivering digital content. Consumers are quickly embracing technology and switching to digital media. However, this transition from traditional print media to digital media varies with age (Fenez et al 2010). The younger generation is particularly the most affected. But as noted by Keynote, the impact has also been felt among the older consumers. Of course these changes will tend to benefit the consumers. Such newer forms of decentralized news will liberate readers from partisan news monopolies which have dominated the industry (Currah 2009). Consumers will also benefit from increase in the availability of ‘free’ news and news consumption that can be tailored to fit own preference (Currah 2009). But at the same time there is a concern regarding the quality of output, in particular, whether the desired output can be sustained by market. It should be noted that, unlike the traditional news organizations, many actors involved in the online content lack the large fixed cost base needed to provide in-depth and varied reporting of news (OECD 2010). In this regard, will vulnerable news genres such as reporting on local government, investigative journalism and reporting on areas not of immediate economic or political interest, survive (Leurdijk et al 2010)This is an issue that requires further documentation. Current issues and what the future holds Following the recent recession that led to declining business profit, the advertiser’s budget has today shrunk (Smith 2013). The impact of the recession has been a decline in readership due to high prices of newspapers. Also, the recent phone hacking scandal that implicated tabloid newspapers has undermined trust in journalists and led to a declining demand in major papers (Smith 2013). More recently, the introduction a new generation of eReaders such the iPad, tablet computers and kindles has provided an alternative for accessing information online (Sabagh 2011). With influx of such portable technology, the decline print newspaper is likely to accelerate, adding pressure to the traditional models that have supported many titles (Sabbagh 2011). The impact of these changes has already been felt by a number of local newspapers with 31 titles closing in 2010 (Sabbagh 2011). However, there are those that seem to handle the transition well such as the Financial Times which has seen a growth in digital subscription (Sabbagh 2011). For instance, in 2011, the average print circulation of Financial Times (FT) was 297,227 whereas that of the digital circulation was around 301,471, indicating a 31% increase in digital subscribers (Greenslade 2012). During the same year, the average global audience grew to 2.1m whereas that of the print stayed flat (Greenslade 2012). But while FT has made a successful digital transition, majority of the newspapers have not succeed in developing viable online business models. Given the declining demand, pressure has mounted on newspapers to adopt defence mechanism in order to protect their bottom line (Smith 2011). Publishers have been forced to optimize online advertizing platforms and some others have had to adopt paywalls (Smith 2011). Also, there are those that are opting to expand internationally in efforts to capture a new market in an information-centric society (Smith 2011). The structural challenges facing the newspaper publishing industry have no doubt resulted in a decline in circulation volume and a shift of advertizing to online channels. The growth in information technology is already having an impact on consumption behaviours as reading is losing against listening and watching of news via the Televisions, radios and the internet (ATKearney 2005). The trend is also forecast to continue in the coming future. As pointed out by ATKearney (2005), circulation of newspapers is likely to decline by over 25% in the forthcoming 20 years due to a decline in readership and the growth of digital generation. With newspaper revenue declining, there is a higher possibility of heavy consolidation to occur through company ‘attrition’ and Merger and acquisition activities (ATKearney 2005). The impact of the recent phone hacking scandal is likely to be minimal as popular titles still remain in fair commercial health. Tabloid newspapers such as ‘The People’, ‘The Daily’ and ‘Sunday Mirror’, and ‘Record titles’ in Scotland are still in fair commercial health. However, whilst the Leveson inquiry is expected to have minimal effects on the industry performance, a concern has been raised that the resulting regulation will be unbalanced between print news and that published online (Smith 2011). Conclusion Indeed we have seen that a number of factors have contributed to a decline in newspaper circulation such as recession, new technology (e-readers and smartphones), new internet intermediaries, new business models, and social factors such as increased participation in creation of digital content. These changes have had mixed effects in the industry. On the one extreme, consumers have benefited from availability of free information and consumption of news content which can be tailored to suit their own preferences. Also such newer forms of decentralized news have liberated readers from partisan news monopolies which have dominated the industry. On the other extreme, the traditional print media has been declining and this demise puts at risk an important foundation of democratic societies. Also, there is a concern that the desired quality output may not be sustainable as many actors involved in the online content lack the large fixed cost base needed to provide in-depth and varied reporting of news. Reference Anon, 2013. UK regional newspapers. Magforum ATKearney, 2005. Newspaper endgame: evolution scenarios for the European Newspaper Publishing industry. London Berte, K. and De Bens, E., 2008. ‘Newspapers go for advertising! Challenges and opportunities in a changing media environment’. Journalism Studies, 9(5), 692-703. Boczkowski, P. J., 2005. Digitizing the news: innovation in online newspapers. Cambirdge, Currah, A., 2009. What’s happening to our news: an investigation into the likely impact of the digital revolution on the economics of news publishing in the UK. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. Elvestad, E. and Blekesaune, A., 2008. ‘Newspaper readers in Europe: a multilevel study of individual and national differences’. European Journal of Communication, 23(4), 425-447. Fenez, M., Middelweerd, J., Van der Donk, M., 2010. Moving into multiple business models. Pricewaterhousecoopers, Greenslade, R., 2012. How the Financial Times successfully made the digital transition. The Guardian. Hamel, G. and Prahalad, C.K., 1994, Competing for the Future, Boston MA: Harvard Business School Press. Keynote, 2010. Publishing industry: who still reads newspapers{viewed on 24th April 2013} availablefrom https://www.keynote.co.uk/media-centre/in-the-news/display/publishing-industry%3A-who-still-reads-newspapers%3F/?articleId=426 Leurdijk,A., Slot, M., Niewenhuis, O., 2012. Statistical, ecosystems and competitiveness analysis of the media and content industries: The newspaper publishing industry. Joint Research Centre Massachusetts: MIT Press. Miyamoto, D. and Whittaker, D., 2005. The book publishing industry in Japan and the UK: corporate philosophy/objectives, behaviour and market structure. Working paper No.309, ESRC Centre for Business Research OECD 2010, The evolution of news and the internet. DSTI/ICCP/IE(2009)14/FINAL Office of Fair Trading (OFT), 2008, Newspaper and magazine distribution in the United Kingdom, Crown Publishers Sabbagh, D., 2011. iPads and Kindles force newspapers further away from print. The Guardian Smith, G., 2013. Newspaper publishing in the UK industry market research report now updated by IBISWorld. IBISWorld {viewed on 24th April 2013} available from http://www.prweb.com/releases/2013/2/prweb10407604.htm

Plagarism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Plagarism - Essay Example But shortcuts will never help a student in learning a topic well. Even if a student was able to get better grades using means like plagiarism, in his future personal and professional lives, he will face stiff challenges when facing real problems. The standards of the education will be decreased if the students engage in plagiarism like activities. Academic assignments are aimed at developing critical thinking among the students. If the students follow shortcuts, such objectives of the education will never meet and the standards of the education could be seriously affected. Education is aimed at developing high level of ethics and integrity in personal life. In fact in order to claim credibility for the qualifications achieved by a student, he should make sure that all the grades he achieved should be based on his hard work alone. Plagiarism prevents a student from achieving a degree using fair means. The values and norms set during the studies may affect the future course of life and hence plagiarism will definitely affect a student’s future life

Should journalists get close to politicians Essay

Should journalists get close to politicians - Essay Example Notwithstanding this, politicians need channels of media in order to be imaged for their voters in a favorable way; in turn, journalists need politicians for their news making. In such a context, in a given paper it is stated that journalists are unavoidably close to politicians; however, in given conditions their judgments should be as independent as possible. To start with, previous century showed that journalists and politicians were working as the partners. Historically, media were included in the wider field of power, elections and politics. In particular, successful ideological propaganda of World War I and the 1930s are the most dramatic cases in this context (Blumer and Gurevitch, 1995, p. 11). In fact, these social spheres showed themselves as really powerful in the retrospective; and so, it is crucial to realize the scale of this impact. In combination of journalism and politics, mental influence caused by media appeared to be much more effective than torturing bodies by physical violence in the previous centuries (Mateos, 2009). This is the reason why the unity of media and politics was inevitable as together they double the influence they accomplish. And so, media steadily forgot to report on and about politics as independent observer; in turn, journalists behave as active participants in the political struggle (Blummer and Gur evitch, 1995: 4). Therefore, analysis of journalism will be insufficient if political component is eliminated from its content. Moreover, previous bipolar system that determined international relations also led to the emergence of ideologically specific media. In this context, Robert McChesney discussed the influence caused by the former political situation in America which paralyzed all the efforts to create more democratic system free of corporate media (McChesney, 2004). As a result, the three-dimension approach to define media appeared: private (or corporate),